Probiotic bacteria can help our body ward off colo-rectal cancer by breaking down carcinogens in food and relieving inflammation in the GI tract, says Gary Huffnagle, Ph.D., department head of internal medicine at the University of Michigan. They also help thicken the mucosal barrier to more pathogenic bacteria. When we've depleted our internal supply of probiotics — whether through medicine, infection, diet or stress — we can replenish the ranks by eating: